Risk Related to Pre–Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Mellitus in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction

Risk Related to Pre–Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Mellitus in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction

access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial-NoDervis License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited, the use is noncommercial, and no modifications or adaptations are made. Background—The prevalence of pre–diabetes mellitus and its consequences in patients with heart failure and re...

Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Diabetes Mellitus

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) constitutes approximately 50% of heart failure patients. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in HFpEF is high at 30-40%. The paper provides a systematic review of the pathophysiological features underlying HFpEF in diabetes mellitus. The importance of mechanisms other than left ventricular diastolic dysfunction underlying this important con...

Chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is a clinical syndrome of dysp­ nea, exercise intolerance and/or edema resulting from an impairment of ejec­ tion of blood, usually documented by a left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% or less on echocardiography.1,2 Cor on­ ary artery disease is a major cause; therefore, stress testing or, in the pres­ ence of angina, coronary angiography shoul...

Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure.

Epidemiologic and clinical data from the last 2 decades have shown that the prevalence of heart failure in diabetes is very high, and the prognosis for patients with heart failure is worse in those with diabetes than in those without diabetes. Experimental data suggest that various mechanisms contribute to the impairment in systolic and diastolic function in patients with diabetes, and there is...

Arterial Stiffness and Risk of Overall Heart Failure, Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction, and Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction